Retrospective Analysis of Irregular Antibodies Causing Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn in Jiangxi Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of antibody-specific distribution, laboratory detection results of hemolytic disease of the fetus and neonatal(HDFN) caused by irregular blood group antibodies other than ABO, and its correlation with the clinical situation.@*METHODS@#The non-ABO-HDFN cases in our hospital from October 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects, and the cases diagnosed with ABO-HDFN in the same period were randomly selected as the control group, and the data of antibody specific distribution, total bilirubin, direct antibodies, maternal history, age of the children, the presence or absence of combined ABO-HDFN, and whether to exchange/transfuse blood were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of non-ABO-HDFN in Jiangxi province were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of non-ABO-HDFN in Jiangxi province increased. Among 187 non ABO-HDFN cases, the highest percentage of Rh-HDFN was detected (94.6%). Compared with the control group of ABO-HDFN, the non-ABO-HDFN had higher mean integral value of direct antibody, higher peak total bilirubin, and longer duration. Anti-M-HDFN may have severe disease but the direct antibody weak positive/negative, it was easy missed in clinical and delayed the treatment. There is no correlation between the specificity of irregular antibodies, the sex of the child, the mother's previous childbirth history, the presence or absence of combined ABO-HDFN and the need for blood exchange/transfusion(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The irregular antibodies of causing non ABO-HDFN in Jiangxi area are mainly Rh blood group system, followed by MNS blood group system. Understanding the characteristics of HDFN disease, serological features and the correlation with clinical indexes will help to detect and treat non ABO-HDFN in time and reduce the risk of complications.

Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic. To a certain extent, it has altered the way sporting activities operate. There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing from February 4 to 20, 2022. METHODS: We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic, medical venues, and ambulance. We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training, respectively, with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days. RESULTS: In total, 2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness. Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses, equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 11％ of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3％ incurred at least one illness. The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports (n=104), followed by alpine skiing (n=53), ice track (n=37), freestyle skiing (n=36), and ice hockey (n=35), and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines (n=20). Of the 326 injuries, 14 (4.3％) led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week. A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care. The number of athletes with illness (n=80) was the highest for skating (n=33) and Nordic skiing (n=22). A total of 50 illnesses (62.5％) were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology, and the most common cause of illness was other causes, including preexisting illness and medicine (n=52, 65％). CONCLUSION: Overall, 11％ of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games, which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018. Regarding illness, 2％ of athletes were affected, which is approximately one-third of the number affected in the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.

Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on liver lipid metabolism in rats with intrauterine growth restriction and related mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on liver lipid metabolism in rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and related mechanism.@*METHODS@#A rat model of IUGR was established by food restriction during entire pregnancy, and then the rats were randomly divided into an IUGR group and an EGCG group (n=8 each). The rats in the EGCG group were fed with water containing EGCG from after weaning to 10 weeks. Eight pup rats born from the pregnant maternal rats without food restriction were used as the control group. At the age of 13 weeks, body weight was measured. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected to measure fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and liver lipids. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (adipo-IR) were calculated. Pathological sections of the liver were observed and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of related genes in the liver.@*RESULTS@#At the age of 13 weeks, there was no significant difference in body weight between groups (P=0.067). There were significant differences between groups in FPG, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, and adipo-IR (P0.05), while the IUGR group had significantly higher levels of TC and TG in the liver than the EGCG group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early EGCG intervention can down-regulate the de novo synthesis of fatty acids through the Ampk/Srebf1 signaling pathway and reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in IUGR rats by improving insulin resistance of hepatocytes.

Cis-2-dodecenoic Acid Mediates Its Synergistic Effect with Triazoles by Interfering with Efflux Pumps in Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the synergy of the Burkholderia signaling molecule cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) and fluconazole (FLU) or itraconazole (ITRA) against two azole-resistant C. albicans clinical isolates in vitro and in vivo.@*METHODS@#Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics against two azole-resistant C. albicans were measured by the checkerboard technique, E-test, and time-kill assay. In vivo antifungal synergy testing was performed on mice. Analysis of the relative gene expression levels of the strains was conducted by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#BDSF showed highly synergistic effects in combination with FLU or ITRA with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of ⪕ 0.08. BDSF was not cytotoxic to normal human foreskin fibroblast cells at concentrations of up to 300 μg/mL. The qRT-PCR results showed that the combination of BDSF and FLU/ITRA significantly inhibits the expression of the efflux pump genes CDR1 and MDR1 via suppression of the transcription factors TAC1 and MRR1, respectively, when compared with FLU or ITRA alone. No dramatic difference in the mRNA expression levels of ERG1, ERG11, and UPC2 was found, which indicates that the drug combinations do not significantly interfere with UPC2-mediated ergosterol levels. In vivo experiments revealed that combination therapy can be an effective therapeutic approach to treat candidiasis.@*CONCLUSION@#The synergistic effects of BDSF and azoles may be useful as an alternative approach to control azole-resistant Candida infections.

Protective Effects of cis-2-Dodecenoic Acid in an Experimental Mouse Model of Vaginal Candidiasis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy of cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF) in the treatment and prevention of vaginal candidiasis in vivo.@*METHODS@#The activities of different concentrations of BDSF against the virulence factors of Candida albicans (C. albicans) were determined in vitro. An experimental mouse model of Candida vaginitis was treated with 250 μmol/L BDSF. Treatment efficiency was evaluated in accordance with vaginal fungal burden and inflammation symptoms.@*RESULTS@#In vitro experiments indicated that BDSF attenuated the adhesion and damage of C. albicans to epithelial cells by decreasing phospholipase secretion and blocking filament formation. Treatment with 30 μmol/L BDSF reduced the adhesion and damage of C. albicans to epithelial cells by 36.9% and 42.3%, respectively. Treatment with 200 μmol/L BDSF completely inhibited phospholipase activity. In vivo mouse experiments demonstrated that BDSF could effectively eliminate vaginal infection and relieve inflammatory symptoms. Four days of treatment with 250 μmol/L BDSF reduced vaginal fungal loads by 6-fold and depressed inflammation. Moreover, BDSF treatment decreased the expression levels of the inflammatory chemokine-associated genes MCP-1 and IGFBP3 by 2.5- and 2-fold, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#BDSF is a novel alternative drug that can efficiently control vaginal candidiasis by inhibiting the virulence factors of C. albicans.

Research and Practice on Sci-tech Influence Evaluation of Hospitals in China / 医学信息学杂志

The paper selects 1 629 tertiary hospitals nationwide and obtains the comprehensive ranking,subject ranking and regional ranking of the sci-tech influence level of the hospitals through the process of data collecting,standardizing,integrating,processing and classification.This research can be used to evaluate the level of sci-tech influence of hospitals in China and provides a basis for national and local scientific research administrators to develop and adjust policies of medical scientific researchers.

Analyses of the operative efficacy of 102 cases of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of operations of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 102 patients whom received tympanoplasty with CWU or CWD with mastoid obliteration in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2014. Patients were divided into different groups according to types of the cholesteatoma as well as the different surgical procedures. Patients were followed up for 12-24 months, the pre and post-operative PTA was performed and evaluated. The post-operative hearing was assessed in terms of average ABG.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average dry ear time was (5.4±1.7)weeks. The dry ear time of patients of attic cholesteatoma was shorter than those of tensa cholesteatoma[(4.9±1.7)weeks vs(6.1±1.5)weeks, t=-3.52, P=0.001]; the dry ear time of patients underwent CWU was shorter than those underwent CWD with mastoid obliteration[(2.3±0.5)weeks vs(5.8±1.4)weeks, t=-8.43, P=0.000]. Mean pre and post-operative air bone gaps in 93 ears underwent ossiculoplasty were (34.2±11.8)dB and (19.0±5.5)dB respectively and these differences were statistically significant. Both the pre and post-operative air bone gaps of ears of attic cholesteatoma were smaller than those ears of tensa cholesteatoma(P<0.05). In the patients who underwent ossiculoplasty with CWD with mastoid obliteration, the post-operative air bone gaps of attic cholesteatoma were smaller than those of tensa cholesteatoma(P<0.05). Both the pre and post-operative air bone gaps of ears underwent CWU were smaller than those underwent CWD with mastoid obliteration(P<0.05). The post-operative air bone gaps of ears underwent PORP with CWD with mastoid obliteration were smaller than those underwent TORP with CWD with mastoid obliteration(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both the hearing loss and the outcome of tensa cholesteatoma are worser than attic cholesteatoma. The outcome of PORP is better than TORP. The patients who will accept CWU should be selected more carefully and be followed up regularly.</p>

Analyses of clinical features and efficacy of sudden deafness with vertigo and dizziness / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and the effect of drug treatment for sudden hearing loss with vertigo or dizziness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a prospective, randomized, single blinded randomized multicenter clinical study, patients with sudden deafness, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years old, with a duration less than 2 weeks, and with no any medical treatments were collected. In accordance with the hearing curve, those patients were divided into four types, i.e., low and intermediate frequency descent type; high frequency descent type; fall flat type; and total deafness type. Each type was treated by four different treatment options, according to the unified design of the random table, and randomly selected one of the options for treatment. The efficacy of the patients with sudden deafness with vertigo and dizziness was analyzed statistically after the follow-up for 4 weeks. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In August 2007 to October 2011, 33 hospitals in the country included 1 024 patients with sudden deafness in line with the inclusion criteria, of whom 296 (28.91%) were accompanied by vertigo/dizziness symptoms, 126 were males and 170 were females, with an average age of (41.2 ± 13.5) years old. types of the different audiometric curves of sudden deafness, the occurrence of complete deafness with vertigo/dizziness was the highest (44.93%), followed by flat down type (25.87%), high frequency descent type (21.28%) and low intermediate frequency descent type (18.54%). After the standard treatment, the vertigo and dizziness symptoms of the sudden deafness patients could disappear, and the hearing in each group was obviously improved. The hearing curative effect on patients accompanied by vertigo/dizziness of low frequency and intermediate frequency descent type was the best, and the total efficiency can reach up to 94.74%, with the cure rate of 68.42%; followed by flat type, in which the total effective rate was 80.76%, with the recovery rate of 22.12%; and the effects on patients in high frequency descent type and total deafness type effect were relatively poor, in which the total effective rates were 70.00% (recovery rate of 10.00%) and 65.32% (recovery rate of 5.65%), respectively. The total effective rate of patients with sudden deafness associated with halo had no statistical significance (P > 0.05), in comparison to that of patients without halo; but, the cure rate of patients with no vertigo/dizziness of total deafness and the high frequency decreased patients with sudden deafness was significantly higher than that of vertigo/dizziness patients, with a statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The patients with sudden deafness in each type have a certain proportion of vertigo/dizziness, especially the deaf type. The possibility of hearing complete recovery in patients with vertigo/dizziness was significantly lower than that without vertigo/dizziness.</p>

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction and high-fat diet on serum lipid and transcriptional levels of related hepatic genes in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and high-fat diet on the growth, lipid metabolism, and related hepatic genes in rat offspring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of IUGR was established by food restriction during the entire pregnancy. After weaning, 32 normal rats and 24 offspring rats with IUGR were randomly allocated to standard diet group or high-fat diet group. At the age of 10 weeks, fasting plasma glucose and blood lipid were examined. Additionally, pathological sections for hepatic tissues were observed, and the transcriptional levels of related hepatic genes were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the age of 10 weeks, there was a significant difference in body weight between IUGR rats and normal rats on standard diets, but no significant difference in body weight was observed between the two groups on high-fat diets. Compared with the normal rats, IUGR rats showed increased energy intake and increased levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride on both standard and high-fat diets. High-fat diets reduced the concentration of serum triglyceride in both normal rats and IUGR rats. IUGR and high-fat diets aggravated the fat accumulation in the liver. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that at the age of 10 weeks, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver, PGC-1α, CPT-1, SREBF-2, HMGR, LDLR and SREBF-1, differed significantly between IUGR and normal rats. Compared with standard diets, high-fat diets increased the expression of PPARα, SREBF-1, SREBF-2, ABCG5, and CYP7A1 in both normal rats and IUGR rats. IUGR and high-fat diets had an interactive effect on LDLR expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hyperlipidemia and fat accumulation in the liver observed in IUGR rats may be related to increased appetite and regulation disorder in genes related to fatty acid oxidation at the transcriptional level. High-fat diets may aggravate fat accumulation in the liver in rats, which may be related to increased expression of genes related to regulation of fatty acid synthesis at the transcriptional level and reduction in secretion of triglyceride.</p>

Effects of asthma and inhaled corticosteroids in children on the final adult height: a systemic review and Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of asthma and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children on the final adult height.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A search was performed to collect studies evaluating the relationship between asthma and ICS in children and the final adult height in PubMed, BCI, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases, then a systemic review and Meta analysis were conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six studies evaluating the relationship between childhood asthma and the final adult height were enrolled. Three of them indicated that the final adult height was not influenced by childhood asthma. Two of them suggested a mild effect, and the effect was correlated with severity of childhood asthma. One of them indicated that a lower final adult height related to childhhod asthma was found only in black females without a high school education. Four studies evaluating the relationship between ICS and the final adult height were included. Compared with the non-ICS treatment group, healthy control group and the target height, ICS treatment had no effects on the final adult height.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Childhood asthma does not or only mildly decrease the final adult height. ICS treatment does not significantly affect the final adult height.</p>

Enhanced chemosensitivity of Hep-2 through down-regulating expression of SOX2 by RNAi / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of SOX2 on chemotherapy sensitivity of human laryngeal epithelial cells Hep-2.@*METHOD@#We designed and synthesized RNAis for silencing the expression of SOX2 in Hep-2 cells and selected the most effective RNAi by Western blot analysis. Then the recombinant plasmids of pGCsi-H1-SOX2 and pGCsi-H1-NC were constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells to build cell lines of psiSOX2-Hep-2 and psiNC-Hep-2. CCK-8 assay had been used to test the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to 5-FU and PTX after silencing SOX2 expression. Hoechst staining had been used to exam the changes of Hep-2 cells apoptosis treatment by 5-FU and PTX after silencing SOX2 expression. Furthermore, the changes of apoptosis-related genes expressions were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULT@#The cell lines of psiSOX2-Hep-2 and psiNC-Hep-2 were successfully established, and the expression of SOX2 protein was decreased 78% in psiSOX2-Hep-2 cells compared with psiNC-Hep-2 cells. After reducing SOX2 expression, the sensitivity of Hep-2 cells to 5-FU and PTX were increased and the IC50 values for 48 h were decreased to 8.12 μg/ml and 5.16 μg/ml. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptotic gene Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression were dramatically increased and anti-apoptotic genes survivin and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in psiSOX2-Hep-2 cells compared with psiNC-Hep-2 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Down-regulating the protein expression of SOX2 by RNAi will significantly enhance the sensitivity of human laryngeal epithelial cells Hep-2 to 5-FU and PTX.

Common deafness gene mutations of non-syndromic hearing loss in Liaoning / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Investigate common deafness gene mutations in patients with severe and profound non-syndromic hearing loss in Liaoning in order to understand their hereditary etiologies and characteristics at the molecular level.@*METHOD@#Peripheral blood samples were obtained and the DNA templates were extracted from 128 non-syndromic hearing loss patients who are sporadic in clinics. The deafness gene chip was applied to detect hot-spot deafness gene mutations including GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4 and mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Deafness etiology questionnaires, pure tone audiometry, auditory brainstem response, tympanometry and temporal bone CT were also applied.@*RESULT@#Various types of gene locus mutations were seen in 52 of the 128 patients (40.6%); (1) GJB2 gene mutations (n=22) included c. 235 del C homozygous mutation (n=10), c. 235 del C heterozygous mutation (n=5); c. 176_191 del 16 heterozygous mutation (n=l); c 35 del G heterozygous mutation (n=l); c. 235 del C/c. 299_300 del AT mutation (n=l), c. 235 del C/c. 176_191 del 16 mutation (n=l), c. 35 del G/c. 176_191 del 16 mutation (n=l); c. 299_300 del AT/c. 919-2 A>G mutation (n=l), c. 235 del C/c. 919-2 A>G mutation (n=l). (2) SLC26A4 gene mutations (n=30) included c. 919-2 A>G homozygous mutation (n=6), c. 919-2 A>G heterozygous mutation (n=17), c. 2168 A>G homozygous mutation (n=l), c. 2168 A>G heterozygous mutation (n=2), c. 2168 A>G/c. 919-2 A>G mutation (n=2), c. 919-2 A>G/GJB2 c. 235 del C mutation (n=2); (3) No GJB3 and mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutation. Genetic deafness was confirmed at the gene level in 24 cases (18.8%) and 28 patients (21.9%) were diagnosed as carriers of genetic deafness gene mutations.@*CONCLUSION@#Genetic deafness occupies a large population in deaf community in Liaoning. Molecular genetic screening for these mutations and genetic counseling are effective methods to prevent the occurrence of hereditary hearing loss and provide theoretical guidance.

Four bacterial studies on children with chronic otitis media with effusion / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To research the prevalences of four kinds of bacteria including Alloiococcus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (SOM) of the middle ear effusion, and the reproduction of the nasopharynx, so as to explore their meaning for the children with SOM.@*METHOD@#Alloiococcus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhal were investigated in the samples obtained from middle ear effusion and nasopharyn- geal swabs, using PCR and conventional bacterial culture methods.@*RESULT@#By bacterial culture, the pathogen detection rate from middle ear effusion was 3.6%,while the nasopharynx was 54.0%, the detection rate of Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis was 10.8%, 27.0%, 4.5%, respectively, the drug susceptibility results for 51 samples of bacterial culture positive showed that 39 cases was sensitivite to the β-lactam antibiotic; By PCR, the number of detecting various kinds of bacteria simultaneously in middle ear effusion or in the nasopharynx were 6 and 34. The bacteria prevalences of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and A. otitidis are 5.4%, 5.4%, 3.6%, and 42.3% in the middle ear effusion, are 25.2%, 27.0%,13.5% and 34.2% in nasopharyngeal, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#(1) PCR method is more sensitively detecting the bacteria than conventional bacterial culture methods. (2) The chronic SOM of children may be a combination of mixed bacterial infection, A. otitidis may be the most common pathogen of children SOM. (3) For children of SOM, if antibiotics are chosen to be used early in the disease, we suggest using the β-lactam antibiotics.

Construction of rice stripe virus NS2 and NS3 Co-RNAi transgenic rice and disease-resistance analysis / 病毒学报

NS2 and NS3 are two post-transcriptional gene silencing suppressors that are encoded by Rice stripe virus. Gene silencing suppressors are always related to the pathogenicity of viruses. In this study, the cDNA of NS2 and NS3 were recombined by overlapping PCR assays, ligated to the RNAi vector, and inserted into the PXQ expression vector using Pst I; the expressed vector was transferred into calluses induced from seeds of the japonica rice cultivar, 'Nipponbare', using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. Thirty-one T0 transgenic plants were selected by G418 screening. PCR and southern blot analyses confirmed that the target gene was transformed into transgenic rice successfully, and different transgenic plants contained various copies of the gene. The disease resistance assay revealed that T0 transgenic rice had a delayed onset of RSV for approximately 10-20 d, and the accumulation of virus in the transgenic plants was reduced by 30%-50%. This was related to the delayed onset of disease.

Canalplasty for inlay myringoplasty / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of the canalplasty for inlay myringoplasty.@*METHOD@#A retrospective study was performed on 125 patients (130 ears) who underwent canalplasty and myringoplasty for the treatment of the chronic otitis media. The postauricular incisions was made, then the separation of the flap of posterior canal skin and the tympanic membrane epithelium, mill addition to part of the canal bone of the top, bottom, behind. Lift forward on the anterior canal skin, until the formation of the external auditory canal skin tube. Metal sheets was used to protect the skin tube, mill addition to the prominent bone of the anterior canal, reveal the tympanic anulus fully. Explore the ossicular chain activities, fascia covering the canal and fiber layer surface of the drum remnant was used as an inlay graft, and the canal skin was replaced. The canal was filled with hemostatic gauze and hemostatic sponge. Stitches a week after surgery. Removal of filling material in the external auditory canal two weeks after surgery, and re-filling with sterile gauze until healed.@*RESULT@#All 125 patients had successful grafts with 100% survival rate and healed in stage I. Average improvement in air-bone gap for all patients was 8.9 dB. Stenosis of the external auditory canal and lateralization of the grafted drum did not occur. Follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Three ears had reperforation and eight ears had late atelectasis. Fifteen ears had myringitis and healed by halometasone cream.@*CONCLUSION@#Canalplasty is an important surgical procedure on inlay myringoplasty. It can make the narrow and curved canal to large, eliminate the prominent bone of the anterior wall, expose the perforation edge fully, further facilitate the survival of the graft and post-operative care.

Bifocal pain in nummular headache: A clinical analysis and literature review

Background: Nummular headache is a new category of primary headache disorder characterized by consistent location, size, and shape of painful areas. The pathogenesis is uncertain. Bifocal painful areas are rare manifestations but may expand the clinical diversity of nummular headache. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 5 bifocal nummular headache patients were reported and those of 11 patients in previous studies were reviewed. Bifocal nummular headache was classifi ed into two types. Type I was defi ned as a simultaneous activation of two painful areas while type II was defi ned as two painful areas occurring in different times. Results: All 16 patients were female, with mean age of onset and initial presentation of 54.7 years and 58.2 years, respectively. There were seven type I and nine type II patients. The parietal area, especially the tuber parietale, was the leading site of involvement in both types of patients. The shape and size of painful areas were also similar between these two groups. There was an equal frequency of ipsilateral and contralateral painful areas. The pain intensity was similar in both types of patients but was milder in new painful areas than in previous painful areas in type II patients. Conclusions: Bifocal nummular headache suggests a central role of nummular headache but does not debunk the peripheral theory of nummular headache. The accumulated fi ndings in bifocal NH patients do not support a generalization of pain occurrence or a reproduction of local process of epicranial neuralgia at multiple sites in nummular headache.

Assessment of a five-color flow cytometric assay for verifying automated white blood cell differentials / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>White blood cell (WBC) counts and differentials performed using an automated cell counter typically require manual microscopic review. However, this last step is time consuming and requires experienced personnel. We evaluated the clinical efficiency of using flow cytometry (FCM) employing a six-antibody/five-color reagent for verifying automated WBC differentials.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 56 apparently healthy samples were assessed using a five-color flow cytometer to verify the normal reference ranges of WBC differentials. WBC differentials of 622 samples were also determined using both a cell counter and FCM. These results were then confirmed using manual microscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The probabilities for all of the parameters of WBC differentials exceeded the corresponding normal reference ranges by no more than 7.5%. The resulting WBC differentials were well correlated between FCM and the cell counter (r > 0.88, P < 0.001), except in the case of basophils. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were well correlated between FCM and standard microscopic cytology assessment (r > 0.80, P < 0.001). The sensitivities of FCM for identification of immature granulocytes and blast cells (72.03% and 22.22%, respectively) were higher than those of the cell counter method (44.92% and 11.11%, respectively). The specificities of FCM were all above 85%, substantially better than those of the cell counter method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These five-color FCM assays could be applied to accurately verify abnormal results of automated assessment of WBC differentials.</p>

Non-high-density-cholesterol as a predictor of non-lipid cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, pre-diabetes and diabetes in obese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the presence of complications (hypertension, pre-diabetes and diabetes), 810 children with central obesity were divided into two groups: one group with complications (n=499) and one group without complications (n=311). One hundred and sixty-four age- and sex-matched children served as the control group. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the detection of non-lipid CVD risk factors by seven lipid markers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rates of hypertension and pre-diabetes were significantly higher in obese children with high non-HDL-C concentrations (≥3.76 mmol/L). After adjusting for waist circumference Z-scores, the area under the ROC curve for non-HDL-C was 0.680 to detect non-lipid CVD risk factors, while the areas for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and apoprotein B were 0.659, 0.669 and 0.647 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with the other lipid markers, non-HDL-C is a better predictor for non-lipid CVD risk factors in obese children. Measurement of non-HDL-C concentations is recommended for obese children.</p>

Effect of ischemia preconditioning on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

To study the effect of ischemia preconditioning (IP) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-associated functional injury and expression of renal adhesion molecules in rats.

The ischemia preconditioning plan adopted in this experiment involved renal warm ischemia for 6 min. and blood flow for 4 min., repeated four times. The Wistar rat kidneys used for warm ischemia preconditioning were subjected to 60 min of renal warm ischemia followed by reperfusion. The rat kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion were compared with the ischemia preconditioning group to observe rat renal function and changes in the expression of renal adhesion molecules ICAM-1, P--Selectin, and E-Selectin.

The expression of rat renal adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, P-Selectin, and E-Selectin) with ischemia preconditioning was significantly lower than that of the ischemia/reperfusion group. Serum creatinine was significantly lower than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group after 48 hours.

Ischemia preconditioning has a protective effect on renal function. Reduced expression of renal adhesion molecules is likely a mechanism involved in the observed protection. .

Site of cochlear stimulation and its effect on electrically evoked compound action potentials using the Nucleus24 cochlear implants / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Using the neural response telemetry (NRT) software to investigate whether a difference exists in ECAP properties depending on the region of the cochlea that is stimulated and measured.@*METHOD@#Twenty seven Nucleus CI24R (CA) cochlear implant users participated in this study. ECAPs were recorded intraoperatively using the NRT software. No. 1, 4, 8, 11, 17, 22 electrodes were tested for each patient. ECAP amplitude, threshold and slope were measured using amplitude growth sequences.@*RESULT@#Apical recordings showed on average higher ECAP amplitudes, lower ECAP thresholds and steeper slopes of the ECAP amplitude growth function.@*CONCLUSION@#Considerable variability exists in ECAPs due to the region of the cochlea that is stimulated and measured.